Cijena prelaska: početni pokušaj otkrivanja smrtnosti divljih životinja od vozila u Doddabetti, Nilgiris (Indija)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63356/gsf.2025.006Ključne reči:
endemska vrsta, herpetofauna, sezona razmnožavanja, sezonski obrazac, stradanje na putu, stanište Šola, IndijaApstrakt
Putevi predstavljaju značajnu pretnju divljim životinjama, posebno u regionima bogatim biodiverzitetom kao što je Nilgiris (Indija). Ova preliminarna studija dokumentuje obrasce sudara vozila sa divljim životinjama (WVC) u regionu Doddabeta, fokusirajući se na taksonomski diverzitet, sezonske varijacije i ranjivost specifičnu za vrstu. Zabeleženo je ukupno 81 jedinka iz 19 vrsta kao žrtve saobraćaja tokom 60 nasumično odabranih dana, pri čemu su gmizavci, a posebno endemska vrsta Salea horsfieldii, pokazali najveću učestalost. Podaci ukazuju na jaku korelaciju između događaja stradanja na putevima i sezonskih obrazaca aktivnosti, naročito tokom perioda razmnožavanja. Faktori koji doprinose tome uključuju velike brzine vozila, smeće pored puta koje privlači vrste plena i nedovoljnu svest vozača. Studija naglašava hitnu potrebu za merama ublažavanja kao što su prelazi za divlje životinje, dinamička signalizacija i procene uticaja postojećih i predloženih puteva. Budući da su nalazi zasnovani na ograničenim, nasumično tempiranim istraživanjima, preporučujemo buduća istraživanja sa sistematskim sezonskim praćenjem tokom dana i noći, kako bi se bolje razumele šire ekološke implikacije. Ova studija pruža osnovne podatke za razvoj strategija očuvanja u zonama visokog rizika poput Doddabeta.
Reference
Abinesh, A., & Vishnu, S. N. (2022). Rapid color change in a Horsfield’s spiny lizard (Salea horsfieldii) in Nilgiris, India. Reptiles & Amphibians, 29(1), 187–188. https://doi.org/10.1761/randa.v29i1.16435
Andrews, K. M., & Gibbons, J. W. (2005). How do highways influence snake movement? Behavioral responses to roads and vehicles. Copeia, 2005(4), 772–782.
Bartonicka, T., Andrasik, R., Dula, M., Sedonik, J., & Bil, M. (2018). Identification of local factors causing clustering of animal-vehicle collisions. Journal of Wildlife Management, 82(5), 940– 947. https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21467
Baskaran, N., & Boominathan, D. (2010). Road kill of animals by highway traffic in the tropical forests of Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, southern India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 2(3), 753–759. https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o2101.753-9
Bhupathy, S., & Nixon, A. M. A. (2004). Impact of habitat alterations on the reptile diversity in the higher altitudes of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, India. Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History.
Bhupathy, S., Srinivas, G., Kumar, N. S., Karthik, T., & Madhivanan, A. (2011). Herpetofaunal mortality due to vehicular traffic in the Western Ghats, India: A case study. Herpetotropicos, 5(2), 119–126.
Bishop, C. A., & Brogan, J. M. (2013). Estimates of avian mortality attributed to vehicle collisions in Canada. Avian Conservation and Ecology, 8(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.5751/ACE-00604-080202
Brehme, C. S., Tracey, J. A., McClenaghan, L. R., & Fisher, R. N. (2013). Permeability of roads to movement of scrubland lizards and small mammals. Conservation Biology, 27(4), 710– 720. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12081
Campioni, L., Marengo, I., Román, J., & D’Amico, M. (2022). Mud-puddling on roadsides: A potential ecological trap for butterflies. Journal of Insect Conservation, 26(1), 131–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-022-00391-5
Chhangani, A. K. (2004a). Frequency of avian roadkills in Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan, India. Forktail, 20, 110–111.
Chhangani, A. K. (2004b). Killing of Hanuman langur in road accidents in Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan, India. Primate Report, 69, 49–57.
Chittaragi, J. B., & Hosetti, B. B. (2014). Road kill mortality of snakes (Squamata: Serpentes) in different land cover areas of Semi-Malnad region, Mid Western Ghats, Shimoga, India. Current Biotica, 8(1), 7–65.
Choudhury, K., & Ghosh, S. (2009). Mortality of butterfly fauna due to vehicular traffic and their conservation in Ripu-Chirang Reserve Forests of western Assam, India. In Proceedings of the 2nd Asian Lepidoptera Conservation Symposium. Penang, Malaysia.
Daniel, J. C. (2002). The book of Indian reptiles and amphibians. Bombay Natural History Society & Oxford University Press.
Das, A., Ahmed, M. F., Lahkar, B. P., & Sharma, P. (2007). A preliminary report of reptilian mortality on road due to vehicular movement near Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India. Zoos’ Print Journal, 22(7), 2742–2744. https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.1541.2742-4
Deepak, V., Narayanan, S., Das, S., Rajkumar, K. P., Pal, S., Gerard, J. D., & Gower, D. J. (2022). Snakes and lizards of the sky islands of the Western Ghats. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment.
Desai, A. A., & Baskaran, N. (1998). Ecology of Malabar giant squirrel (Ratufa indica) in Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, South India. Technical Report, Bombay Natural History Society, 3(7), 1885–1960.
Dutta, S., Janab, H. P., Sahac, S., & Mukhopadhyay, S. (2016). The cause and consequences of road mortality of herpetofauna in Durgapur, West Bengal, India. Russian Journal of Ecology, 47(1), 88–95.
Erritzoe, J., Mazgajski, T., & Rejt, L. (2003). Bird casualties on European roads—A review. Acta Ornithologica, 38(2), 77–93. https://doi.org/10.3161/068.038.0204
Forman, R. T., & Alexander, L. E. (1998). Roads and their major ecological effects. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 29, 207–231. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.207
Gokula, V. (1997). Impact of vehicular traffic on snakes in Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary. Cobra, 27, 26–30.
Grilo, C., Borda-de-Água, L., Beja, P., Goolsby, E. W., Soanes, K., le Roux, A., Koroleva, E., Ferreira, F. Z., Gagné, S. A., Wang, Y., & González-Suárez, M. (2021). Conservation threats from roadkill in the global road network. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 30(11), 2200–2210. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13375
Grilo, C., Koroleva, E., Andrášik, R., Bíl, M., & González-Suárez, M. (2020). Roadkill risk and population vulnerability in European birds and mammals. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 18(6), 323–328.
Grilo, C., Molina-Vacas, G., Fernández-Aguilar, X., Rodriguez-Ruiz, J., Ramiro, V., Porto-Peter, F., Ascensão, F., Román, J., & Revilla, E. (2018). Species-specific movement traits and specialization determine the spatial responses of small mammals towards roads. Landscape and Urban Planning, 169, 199–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.09.014
Grilo, C., Neves, T., Bates, J., le Roux, A., Medrano- Vizcaíno, P., Quaranta, M., Silva, I., Soanes, K., Wang, Y., & Data Collection Consortium. (2025). Global Roadkill Data: A dataset on terrestrial vertebrate mortality caused by collision with vehicles. Scientific Data, 12, 505. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-04207-x
Gubbi, S., Poornesha, H. C., & Madhusudan, M. D. (2012). Impact of vehicular traffic on the use of highway edges by large mammals in a South Indian wildlife reserve. Current Science, 102(7), 1047–1051.
Gunson, K. E., Clevenger, A. P., Ford, A., Bissonette, J. A., & Hardy, A. (2009). A comparison of data sets varying in spatial accuracy used to predict the occurrence of wildlife-vehicle collisions. Environmental Management, 44(2), 268–277.
Hat, S. S., & Mubeen, H. (2019). Roadkill of animals on the road passing from Kalaburagi to Chincholi, Karnataka, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 11(7), 13868–13874. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.4292.11.7.13868-13874
Hernandez, M. (1988). Owl (Athene noctua) in Spain. Journal of Raptor Research, 22(3), 81–84.
Hill, J. E., DeVault, T. L., & Belant, J. L. (2019). Cause-specific mortality of the world’s terrestrial vertebrates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 28(5), 680–689. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12881
Hodson, N. L. (1966). A survey of road mortality in mammals (including data for the grass snake and common frog). Journal of Zoology, 148(4), 576–579.
Husain, K., & Mehta, P. (2023). Vertebrate road kills on State Highway 26 in Khandwa Forest Division, central India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 15(4), 23016–23028. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.8128.15.4.23016-23028
Husby, A., & Husby, M. (2014). Interspecific analysis of vehicle avoidance behavior in birds. Behavioral Ecology, 25(2), 504–508.
Husby, M. (2016). Factors affecting road mortality in birds. Ornis Fennica, 93(3), 212–224.
Islam, M., & Saikia, P. K. (2014). A study on the roadkill herpetofauna of Jeypore Reserve Forest, Assam. NeBIO, 5(1), 78–83.
Jeganathan, P., Mudappa, D., Kumar, M. A., & Raman, T. R. S. (2018). Seasonal variation in wildlife roadkills in plantations and tropical rainforest in the Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, India. Current Science, 114(3), 619–626. https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v114/i03/619-626
Kumar, G. C., & Srinivasulu, C. (2015). Impact of vehicular traffic on Kashmir rock agama Laudakia tuberculata near Kalatop-Khajjiar Wildlife Sanctuary, Himachal Pradesh, India. Reptile Rap, 17, 44–47.
Kumar, P. S., Princy, J. L., & Kannan, P. (2017). Opportunistic feeding behaviour of an endemic lizard Salea horsfieldii. Zoo’s Print, 32(3), 20–21.
Kumara, H. N., Sharma, A. K., Kumar, A., & Singh, M. (2000). Roadkills of wild fauna in Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, India: Implications for management. Biosphere Conservation, 3(1), 41–47.
Li, P., Zhang, H., Lundholm, J., Wang, Y., & Ren, M. (2020). The relative importance of green infrastructure as refuge habitat for pollinators increases with local land-use intensity. Journal of Applied Ecology, 57(8), 1494–1503.
Loss, S. R., Will, T., & Marra, P. P. (2014). Estimation of bird-vehicle collision mortality on US roads. Journal of Wildlife Management, 78(5), 763– 771. https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.721
Mazumdar, K., & Gogoi, L. (2010). Rescue/release of blue-capped rock thrush Monticola cinclorhynchus. Zoos’ Print Journal, 25(2), 21–22.
Medrano-Vizcaíno, P., Grilo, C., Pinto, F., Carvalho, W. D., Melinski, R. D., Schultz, E. D., & González‐Suárez, M. (2022). Roadkill patterns in Latin American birds and mammals. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 31(9), 1756–1783. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13557
Muñoz, P. T., Torres, F. P., & Megías, A. G. (2015). Effects of roads on insects: A review. Biodiversity and Conservation, 24(3), 659–682. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-014-0831-2
Nagar, P., Meena, S. M., & Dube, P. (2013). Mortality data of reptilian fauna due to vehicular traffic in southeastern Rajasthan, India. Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications, 6(2), 196–198.
Ontiveros, Y., Cappa, F. M., Andino, N., Campos, C. M., Borghi, C. E., & Giannoni, S. M. (2022). Mammal and bird diversity in a system of protected areas in Argentina. Biodiversity, 23(1– 2), 61–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2022.2099463
Pawgi, M., Joshi, Y., Deshmukh, S., Purohit, A., Pawgi, K., & Yosef, R. (2024). Monitoring roadkill in Amravati, India: A citizen science project. European Journal of Ecology, 10(2), 8–20. https://doi.org/10.17161/eurojecol.v10i2.21597
Pragatheesh, A. (2011). Effect of human feeding on the road mortality of rhesus macaques on National Highway-7 routed along Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 3(4), 1656–1662.
Quinn, J. F., & Hastings, A. (1987). Extinction in subdivided habitats. Conservation Biology, 1(3), 198–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1987.tb00033.x
Rajvanshi, A., Mathur, V. B., Teleki, G. C., & Mukherjee, S. K. (2001). Roads, sensitive habitats and wildlife: Environmental guidelines for India and South Asia. Wildlife Institute of India.
Rao, R. S. P., & Girish, M. K. S. (2007). Road kills assessing insect casualties using flagging methods. Current Science, 92(6), 881–887.
Ray, S. D., Quadros, G., Dey, P., Pramod, P., & Singh, R. P. (2023). Wildlife casualties from the road-stretches adjacent to two national parks of Assam, North-East India. Asian Journal of Conservation Biology, 12(2), 314–325. https://doi.org/10.53562/ajcb.80636
Samson, A., & Princy, J. L. (2023). An inventory of roadkills of nocturnal mammals in Coonoor Ghat Highway NH 67, the Nilgiris, Western Ghats, India. Proceedings of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve.
Samson, A., Ramakrishnan, B., & Leonaprincy, J. (2020). A threat assessment of three-striped palm squirrel Funambulus palmarum from roadkills in Sigur Plateau, Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 12(10), 16347–16351. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.3378.12.10.16347-16351
Samson, A., Ramakrishnan, B., Karthick, S., Santhosh Kumar, P., Ilakkia, M., Chitheena, A., Beulah Bha, J., & Ravi, P. (2018). Diversity and status of avifauna in Doddabetta hills and surrounding areas, Nilgiris Plateau, Western Ghats, India. Zoo’s Print, 33(3), 23–36.
Samson, A., Ramakrishnan, B., Veeramani, A., Santhosh Kumar, P., Karthick, S., Sivasubramanian, G., Ilakkia, M., Chitheena, A., Princy, L., & Ravi, P. (2016). Effect of vehicular traffic on wild animals in Sigur Plateau, Tamil Nadu, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 8(9), 9182–9189. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.1962.8.9.9182-9189
Santhoshkumar, P., & Kannan, P. (2017). Impacts of roads on the mortality of endemic striped narrow- headed snake Xylophis perroteti in Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 24(2), 87–90. https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2017-24-2-87-90
Santhoshkumar, P., Kannan, P., Ramakrishnan, B., Veeramani, A., Samson, A., Karthick, S., Princy, J. L., Nisha, B., Dineshkumar, N., Abinesh, A., Vigneshkumar, U., & Girikaran, P. (2016). Road kills of the endemic snake Perrotet’s shieldtail Plectrurus perrotetii in Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 8(11), 9375–9376. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2494.8.11.9375-9376
Saxena, A., Chatterjee, N., Rajvanshi, A., & Habib, B. (2020). Integrating large mammal behaviour and traffic flow to determine traversability of roads with heterogeneous traffic on a Central Indian highway. Scientific Reports, 10, 75810. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75810-2
Schwartz, A. L. W., Shilling, F. M., & Perkins, S. E. (2020). The value of monitoring wildlife roadkill. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 66(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-019-1357-4
Secco, H., Ratton, P., Castro, E., Lucas, P. S. D., & Bager, A. (2014). Intentional snake road-kill: A case study using fake snakes on a Brazilian road. Tropical Conservation Science, 7(3), 561–571. https://doi.org/10.1177/194008291400700313
Seshadri, K. S., & Ganesh, T. (2011). Faunal mortality on roads due to religious tourism in protected areas: A case study from South India. Forest Ecology and Management, 262(9), 1713–1721.
Seshadri, K. S., Yadev, A., & Gururaja, K. V. (2009). Road kills of amphibians in different land use areas from Sharavathi river basin, central Western Ghats, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 1(11), 549–552. https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o2148.549-52
Siva, T., & Neelanarayanan, P. (2020). Impact of vehicular traffic on birds in Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 12(10), 16352–16356. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.5532.12.10.16352-16356
Smith, M. A. (1943). The fauna of British India, reptiles and amphibia. Vol. III. Serpentes. Taylor & Francis.
Sukhontapatipak, C., Saralamba, C., Piyapan, P., Duangta, P., Klubchum, T., & Sawangproh, W. (2025). Global wildlife roadkill research: A bibliometric synthesis of historical trends, thematic gaps, and future directions. Urban Ecosystems, 28(1), 130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-025-01747-x
Sullivan, T. L., Williams, A. F., Messmer, T. A., Hellinga, L. A., & Kyrychenko, S. Y. (2004). Effectiveness of temporary warning signs in reducing deer-vehicle collisions during mule deer migrations. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 32(3), 907–915. https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0907:EOTWSI]2.0.CO;2
Sundar, G. K. S. (2004). Mortality of herpetofauna, birds and mammals due to vehicular traffic in Etawah District, Uttar Pradesh, India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 101(3), 392–398.
Sur, S., Saikia, P. K., & Saikia, M. K. (2022). Speed thrills but kills: A case study on seasonal variation in roadkill mortality on National Highway 715 (new) in Kaziranga-Karbi Anglong Landscape, Assam, India. Nature Conservation, 47, 87–104. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.47.73036
Sushanth, S., Praphul, G., Kumara, H. N., Ganesh, S. R., & Singh, M. (2025). Impact of linear infrastructure and landscape characteristics on wildlife roadkill in the Nelliyampathy Hills, Western Ghats, India. Scientific Reports, 15, 25333. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10402-6
Sutherland, R. W., Dunning, P. R., & Baker, W. M. (2010). Amphibian encounter rates on roads with different amounts of traffic and urbanization. Conservation Biology, 24(6), 1626–1635. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01570.x
Vaahan Parivahan Dashboard. (n.d.). Indian Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. https://vahan.parivahan.gov.in/vahan4dashboard/
Vijayakumar, S. P., Vasudevan, K., & Ishwar, N. M. (2001). Herpetofaunal mortality on the roads in the Anamalai Hills, southern Western Ghats. Hamadryad, 26(2), 265–272.
Visintin, C., van der Ree, R., & McCarthy, M. A. (2016). A simple framework for a complex problem? Predicting wildlife–vehicle collisions. Ecology and Evolution, 6(17), 6409–6421. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2306
Wall, F. (1919). Notes on a collection of snakes made in the Nilgiri Hills and the adjacent Wayanad. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 26(3), 552–584.
##submission.downloads##
Objavljeno
Broj časopisa
Sekcija
Licenca
Sva prava zadržana (c) 2025 Elangovan Vignesh, Kesavan Rishi, Anbazhagan Abinesh, Nizamudheen Moinudheen, Sadiq Ali, Vijayakumar Rajgopal, Arockianathan Samson
Ovaj rad je pod Creative Commons Autorstvo 4.0 Internacionalna licenca.
